1) THE SHRINKING MATTER
THEORY
This
blog is not to disprove the big bang theory, but for those not yet brainwashed
by the believers in such theory.
The
first step of the Shrinking Matter Theory is a compact summary, but it contains
all the basic mathematic to assume the universe as the reference frame.
The
shrinking matter theory and the expansion universe theory are equivalent. If we
make our world as the reference frame, the universe should expand. If we make
the universe as the reference frame, the matter should shrink. The laws of
physics work to both theories.
The
main diference of the expansion universe and the shrinking matter theory is
what is the cause of the longer wavelenght observed of the deep space objects.
The
doppler shift (redshift) is well known in the expansion theory.
In the
shrinking matter theory, the universe is the reference frame, so there is not
expansion to cause redshift (except in the systemic local movements like
rotation, orbits, binary systems, turbulence, ejection, gravitational effect
and gravitational falling), so, the longer wavelenghts observed are actually
longer emission lines due the bigger size of the atoms in the past.
If we
assume the speed of the light is constant along the time, the Planck constant “h” should grow by the factor of (1+Z)^(1/3) in the past. This mean the
constant plank decrease along the time.
To
simplify, we could call (1+Z)^(1/3)=Kh, so, h(f)=Kh x h(o).
Z : (observed redshift)
h(f): Planck constant in the observed frame.
h(o): Planck constant of our local frame.
Constant
dependence:
We must
apply the constant Kh for all formulae and constants used in physics were the Planck constant “h” is used.
So that
simplify the work, we can apply the constant Kh directly over the used values
of our local frame, observing the right exponential use of the Planck constant as follow;
h(f)=Kh
x h(o) “Planck constant”
λ(f)=(Kh)³
x λ(o) “wavelenght emission
lines”
r(f)=(Kh)²
x r(o) “Bohr radius”
E(f)=
E(o) / (Kh)² “energy of the emission line”
WDC(f)=(Kh)
x WDC(o) “Wien Displacement Constant”
K∞(f)=K∞(o)
/ (Kh)³ “Rydberg constant”
T(f)=T(o)
/ (Kh)² “Temperature of the
emission line (Wien)”
(f)
observed frame in the past.
(o) our
local frame at the presente
2) Exemple of changing to a
reference frame in the past
Suppose we search a galaxy and we detect the
Lyα emission being three times greater than the Lyα in our world. The
wavelenght is exactly 3647,07 Â.
The H Lyα in our frame is 1215,69 Â.
So, the apparent redshift Z(f) is
Lyα(f)/Lyα(o)-1 = 2
The constant Kh is (1+Z(f))^(1/3) = (1+2)^(1/3)
=1,44224957
So, Kh=1,44224957
Now we can determine the main constants of the
reference frame in the past;
cst/vle formula* local frame(o) past frame(f)
h(f) h(o) x (Kh) 6,62606957E-34 Js 9,5564460E-34 Js
Lyα(f)
Lyα(o) x (Kh)³
1215,69 Â 3647,07
Â
r(f) “Bohr” r(o) x (Kh)² 0,529 Â 1,1007 Â
E(f)
E(o) / (Kh)² 10,204
Ev 4,906 Ev
WDC(f)
WDC(o) x (Kh) 0,0028978
mK 0,0041796 mK
K∞(f)
K∞(o) / (Kh)³ 10973730,68 m-¹ 3657910,22 m-¹
T(f)
T(o) / (Kh)² 23836
ºK 11459 °K
(f) observed frame in the past
(o) local frame at the present
*
simplified formula
If we consider Ho=71 km/s/mpc and assume it is
enough to determine the distance, we have:
distance= 3380,3 mpc = 11,02 GLY
time (past) = 11,02 Gyr
Ho= Hublle constant
3)
The CMBs and the Shrinking Matter Theory
The lack of
bandwidth emissions pattern avoids us to determine exactly what actually the
CMBs are. This could let us to various scenarios.
One is assuming
the CMBs could be the first thermal emission lines. In this scenario, if we
consider the CMBs are Lyman alpha emissions, we have:
Temperature:
______________56,15 K
Wavelength:
______________1,063214 mm
Energy:
__________________0,024039 eV
WDC
:____________________0,059703 mK
Z:
_______________________8744,81
Another
scenario is to assume the CMBs could be hydrogen fine structure emission lines.
In this case, the redshift is negative (blue shift), and the radiation could be
the remaining of the collapsed universe, which provided the energy to the
emergence of the universe we know. In this case we have:
Temperature:_____________0,46721 K
Wavelength:
______________1,063214 mm
Energy:
__________________2 x 10^-4 eV
WDC:__________________4,967462
x 10^-4 mK
Z
(blueshift):_____________-0,99496253
The
shrinking matter theory states that the Planck constant “h” varies along the
time, so the energy of the emissions also varies with the time. In this
scenario, there is a systematic error in our researches assuming that the
observed waves, emitted in the past and detected in our devices have the same
energy as the waves produced in our local frame. We shouldn’t forget that the
waves with the same frequency can be added and give the impression that they
are more energetic. The amount of energy of each wave could be determined by
the receptor, but it may not represent the real emitted energy of the wave.
The CMBs are
the most populous microwaves in the universe, as well the hydrogen is the most
abundant element in nature, so, for now we should suppose (and state), the CMBs
are the hydrogen fine structure emission lines of the collapsed universe which
provided the energy to the emergence of the universe we know. I know it is a
hard exercise for the minds which are indoctrinated in assuming the BB as a
fact, but I hope you can. We know the CMBs are the most distant emissions
detected, among the unresolved CXRBs, so, in this scenario, the wavelength of
the CMB, compared with the hydrogen fine structure emission in our reference
frame (21 cm), the negative redshift (blue shift), could only be attributed to
the remaining fine structure emissions of the hydrogen in its collapsed last
phase of the cyclic universe.
In this
scenario, as issued later, the redshift is negative (blue shift), and can be
calculated as follow:
Z= (1,063214/211,06114)-1 =>
Z = -0,99496253
Kh =
(1+Z)^(1/3) = ( 1 - 0,99496253)^(1/3) =>
Kh = 0,171
423 684
The constant
Planck h(f) in this scenario would be: h(f)
= Kh x h(o) =>
h (f) =
0,171 423 684 x 6,626 069 57 x 10^-34 =>
h (f) = 1,135
865 258 x 10^-34 Js
When we
replace the h(o) by the h(f) in the formulae, we have:
r(f) = 1,555
pm (Bohr radius)
Lyα(f) =
6,123975 Â
E (Lyα(f))
=347,248 eV
E (n=1) =
-463 eV
T (Lyα(f))=
811 150,06 K
WDC * = 4,967462
x 10^-4 mK
In this
transition, (Lyα(f)), the fine structure emission lines can happens in the
ground state and would be:
Temperature:_______________0,46721 K
Wavelength:_______________1,063214
mm
Energy:___________________2 x 10^-4 eV
WDC:____________________4,967462
x 10^-4 mK
The unexpected
and most important result in this scenario is that the Lyα(f) falls surprisingly
in the lower end band of the unresolved CXRB (Cosmic X-Ray Background). So, the
shrinking matter theory (in this scenario) could solve the origin of the CMB
and the unresolved CXRB as being remnants of the past collapsed universe, and
the future of this universe. Of course this needs further resources, but it is a
strong evidence of the consistence of this theory.
4 ) The Fine-structure constant and
the Shrinking Matter Theory
The fine-structure
constant “α” is a dimensionless value, but it reflects the relationship between
the electromagnetic coupling constant ‘e” and ”Ԑₒ”, “h”, and “c”.
e = (2 α Ԑₒ h
c) ^ (1/2) or e²
= 2 α Ԑₒ h c
As c is
constant, result Ԑₒ is also constant, then α should vary with the inverse of
the rate of h.
Rewriting
the expression we have:
α = e² / (2 Ԑₒ
c h), and
α(o) = e² /
(2 Ԑₒ c h(o) ) =>
α(f) = e² /
(2 Ԑₒ c h(f) ) =>
α(f) = e² /
(2 Ԑₒ c h(o) (Kh))
Then α(f) =
α(o) / Kh
Or α(f) = α(o) / ( (1+Z)^(1/3) )
α(o) = 0,007
297 352 5698(24)
(o): our
local frame
(f): distant
reference frame
Z : redshift
Kh: scaling
factor of the constant Planck h as a function of Z
“However, if multiple coupling constants
are allowed to vary simultaneously, not just α, then in fact almost
all combinations of values support a form of stellar fusion.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-structure_constant
